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archive copy of http://web.viapvt.sk/pminter/vip.html
as of Aug. 1, 2007
THE VARIANT OF THE
PRACTICAL DECISION OF GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM OF WARMING THE
CLIMATE (KYOTO PROTOCOL).
ECOLOGICALLY FRIENDLY. ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY.
THERMAL GENERATOR VIP.
HEATING SYSTEMS WORKING WITHOUT FUEL WITH EFFICIENCY THE
TRANSFORMATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN THERMAL
FROM 200 TO 300 %.
VARIANTS OF USING OF THE GENERATOR VIP.
NEW! THE HYDRODYNAMIC ACOUSTIC
VIBRATOR FOR INCREASING OF EFFECTIVENESS OF WELL DRILLING.
NEW! USING OF THE HYDRODYNAMICAL
GENERATOR OF ULTRASONIC FLUCTUATIONS IN WORK CYCLES OF OIL
PROCESSING.
PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCTION OF THERMAL GENERATORS VIP - 260Έ350
%.
By G. G. Ivanenko
Technical Director of the IER Company |
Yearly some 9 billion tones
of conventional fuel are burned worldwide. generating more than 20
billion tones of carbon dioxide and 700 million tones of other products
as dust. gases. vapors; 13 billion tones of oxygen are thus consumed.
The greatest quantity of the heat developed goes in the atmosphere. This
resulted in a 10% decrease of the surface of the snow cover of our
planet. And this process will continue because the quantity of the fuel
used is constantly increasing.
COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY OF THE POWER EQUIPMENT
The losses of energy on the transport
- are paid by the consumer!
THE EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL
COMPOUNDS AND WARMTH IN AN ATMOSPHERE MAKE:
Nuclear stations - 68%
Gas - steam of station - 44%
Thermal power stations - 25%
Stations working on liquid fuel - 13%
Heating devices VIP - 0%
DECISION OF PROBLEM - THERMAL GENERATOR IN DEVICES VIP!
It is based on the use of the internal energy of water.
It is used as a highly efficient source of energy in the VIP devices.
A VIP device is made of:
- A pump which is an electrical energy consumer;
- A thermal generator;
- A boiler of hot water (if necessary).
The necessary power of the VIP devices depends on the quantity of
thermal energy to be produced. (from 3 to 150 kW and even more)
This device is aimed for the heating and warm water supply of homes.
public and other buildings. and it is positioned directly at the
place of use.
Also can including on objects with existing systems of a convective
heating. In process of the further functioning the device VIP.
occurs. absolutely safe. ultrasonic removing the hard precipitation.
so-called "water stone". inwardly pipes and adjusting
armature existing systems of a convective heating that prolongs
functioning the system in 2-3 times.
It is possible to use a "cascade" of VIP devices. i.e. 2.
3. or more for one site and this warrants great advantages in
comparison to the existing systems of heating and water supply.
There are avoided the costs and expenses for the construction and
equipment of the heating stations. also the cost of the work
necessary to connect the user to the supplier via pipes under the
earth and there are no thermal losses along the pipes(Money from a
pocket of the consumer).
THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF THE VIP HEATING DEVICES COMPARED
TO THE EXISTING ELECTRICAL. WATER AND AIR HEATING SYSTEMS.
PHOTO 1. Devices VIP-1-7.5. working without use of fuel.
- The VIP devices do not contain any high temperature
heating elements because they use the direct conversion of
electrical energy in thermal energy.
- The method of converting electrical energy in heat is
based on fluctuating vacuum in the condition of intense cavitation
and on the use of the energy of the water molecules.
- The cavitating region of the flux is not in direct
contact with the constructive details of the device and this fact is
a guarantee of the long working life of the VIP device.
- The coefficient of performance of the electrical
energy in thermal energy is (depending on the conditions of
utilization) up to 300%.
- The VIP devices are working remarkably well with the
classical systems of heating . as: a) convective; b)
air-ventilation; c) floor heating. The highest coefficients of
performance are obtained for the cases b) and c). Fine work heating
devices VIP with units similar GEA "Sahara" (see the PHOTO
2.). In kit with devices VIP in winter period units
"Sahara" provide comfortable. cheap. heat in greater
volume. but summer period. under unplugged devices VIP. unit
"Sahara" is used. as ventilator. chiller and filter a
peelings of air.
- The non-traditional approach to the velocity of the
heat carrier (its increase) and the decrease of the Δt between
the outlet and inlet allows the avoidance of the high temperatures
in the entrance part of the heating system. leads to increased
values of the heat transfer of the heating units and assures an
uniform heating.
- The possibility to use cheap steel pipes in the
heating systems instead of the expensive ones made of
corrosion-resistant materials is due to the processes which take
place in the VIP devices which are slowing up corrosion inside pipes
and are increasing the active life of the devices 2--3 times.
- The construction of the VIP devices is based on the
most modern application of the field of unitary quantum physics.
- The processes occurring in the thermal generator. are
absolutely ecologically clean and in some times reduce consumption
of electrical energy in comparison with other electroheating devices
and installations. at very low cost of the thermal generator.
- Today. without fuel heating devices working on a
principle of the thermal generator. called huge interest many world
structures and power services. as far as. except for the unique
consumer possibilities. the devices have no harmful emissions in an
atmosphere. that allows in the long term to decide a global
ecological problem - improvement of a climate on a planet.
NEW! Ultrasonic resonance
amplifier of cavitation now are completed tests. A ultrasonic
resonance amplifier of a cavitation - the unobstructive device,
represents the cabinet consisting of several nickeliferous
magnetostrictive emitters, included in the magnetohydrodynamic
generator and component with it a uniform resonance circuit working
on one resonant frequency with the generator. In result, under
certain conditions, the power of a cavitation on a unit volume
handled fluid - is incremented by 200-300 % at magnification of
power consumption at 2-3 %, that will allow to increase EFFICIENCY
of thermal installation, in some times.
VARIANTS OF USING THE DEVICES. FUNCTIONNING ON PRINCIPLE.
MORTGAGED IN BASE OF WORKING THE THERMAL GENERATOR VIP.
I. Devices working on the principle of thermal generation can
effective use for the disinfection of water (destruction of all
kinds of bacteria) and preparation of water for all kinds of
household and technological purposes.
- No chemical reagents are necessary (as chlorine.
copper sulfate).
- The devices can perfectly be used for supplies by
drinking and hot water of hospitals. children's structures. hotels.
swimming-pools of any assignment. private houses. bath and so on.
Also have advantage before existing systems: longevity. energy of an
expense is less in 3-4 times. simultaneously disinfecting.
filtration. softening and warming of water up to temperature +95°C.
The device executes a complete complex of measures. which are not
present in analogues of European firms of the manufacturers. The
diverse equipment for reception of results. which have available
device VIP at European manufacturers has costs up to 50 000 USD. Use
for these purposes of chlorine and copper sulfate renders negative
influence on a skin. especially of women and children.
- There is not more danger associate with the use of
liquid chlorine in urban areas.
- There is not more necessary to use high voltages and
expensive metals as in the case of water sterilization by
ionization.
- There is a water softening as a result of
crystallization of salts and sedimentation them in special settling
tanks.
- The water is actively de-aerated.
- The method/device can be applied to steam boilers for
preparation of water. while due to the special construction of the
device it arises the possibility of secondary (cyclic) use of the
drain water. saturated with salts.
II. Heating of liquids during the railway transport in tank cars.
The device comprises an axis for driving power (cardan axis. a belt
transmission) for the pump positioned under the tank car and a
thermal generator located inside the tank car.When the train is
moving. the mechanical energy is transmitted directly from the pair
of wheels being transformed in thermal energy by the thermal
generator Thus:
- There are not necessary special heating elements or
heat exchangers.
- It is no danger of igniting the combustible liquids as
petroleum or oils.
- The liquid is very actively mixed by cavitation.
- The technologically harming components are coagulated
(in petroleum-- heavy paraffin's. sulfur) and can be removed from
the sedimentation basin of the tank.
- It is not more necessary to use steam for the
discharge of highly viscous liquids as crude oil during the winter
time.
- The heating process is perfectly ecologically clean
and there is no risk of explosions.
- It is possible to heat different classes of liquids
(oil products. alkaline and/or acid liquids).
- The existing tank cars can be easily and rapidly
adapted.
- The heating process can be controlled (by connecting
an electromagnetic coupling to the power transmitting axis).
III. Heating of the passenger railway cars.
- There is not more necessary to use costly transformers
for converting the high voltage current in low voltage current with
great losses.
- The new systems are cost-effective and have excellent
performances in use.
- The modernization of the existing railway cars is easy
and does not cost much.
- As the speed of the train increases. the heat losses
are increasing too; however in the case of the new devices. this is
fully compensated by the increase of the heat generated. depending
on the number of revolutions of the axis of the pump.
- The heating system of the railway cars can be filled
with any non-freezing liquid. thus overcoming the exploitation of
the cars including their still-stand in the winter season.
- These systems of heating can be used not only in the
case of railway transport. but also in any cases where a form of
mechanical energy can replace electrical energy for processing in
thermal energy.
IV. Broad range of uses for the devices working on the principle
of thermal generation in the chemical industry.
- Heating in mild conditions of the liquids with
simultaneous mixing.
- Manufacture of stable emulsions (gasoline-water.
oil-water. mercury-water etc.) without the use of chemical
emulgators. given that the mixing takes place at the molecular
level. thus warranting a long life of the emulsion.
- Addition and metering of one component of the emulsion
by injection (allow the construction of a device).
V. Use of devices with a principle of work of the thermal
generator in wineries.
- By circulating the wine through the loop of the
generator. a rapid fermentation takes place. which allows to
decrease the passing time of the wine ten times.
VI. Use of devices with a principle of work of the thermal
generator in agriculture.
- The water processed in the thermal generator. if used
in irrigation. improves the germination of the plants and their
following development. due to the transformation of the water
molecules with formation of the groups OH. HOOH.
Based on the coefficient of performance. the simpleness of the
construction. on its low cost. ecological friendly character- when
compared with other heating devices. working according to the Carnot
cycle. the VIP machine has presently unmatched advantages and
priorities.
VARIANTS OF DEVICES FOR HEATING AND FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY FOR
HOMES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
PHOTO 2. Device VIP-1-7.5 (with the heat insulation removed) for
heating homes and buildings the way hot air - ventilating.
Efficiency of transformation of electrical energy in thermal ~ 300%
PHOTO 3. Device VIP-1-7.5 for heating and for hot water supply
for homes and buildings the convective methods.
1 -2 The VIP-1-7.5 device (with the heat insulation
removed).
3. Boiler.
4. Gas inlet and dismantled gas boiler with power of 10 kW.
5. Feeding and return of the heat carrier for the second floor. for
heating of radiators.The total area of a warmed building 170 sq. m.
The temperature water in the boiler and the radiators is 85 °C.
PHOTO 4. The VIP-1-3P device. Device heating with the
shipped generator and pump with the motor by of nominal power of 3
kW.
2002. Basic improvement in installations
VIP. The new design decisions which have allowed to achieve of
higher results. Positive features: the dimensional least sizes from
all series of the previous development, minimum cost price, COP (2,4
- 2,6), high reliability, simplicity of assembly and installation,
modern design. One of features of the given design is the selection
of optimum pressure (laden) = 10-15 Atmospheres, that has allowed
precisely to correct the resonant phenomena.
| EXAMPLE
OF THE PLACE OF THE INSTALLATION. |
 |
 |
| Refueling station, city
of Dnepropetrovsk |
Refueling station. The
installation VIP serves for heating objects and supplies hot
water (above installation, tank of 140 litres of water) |
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE.
1. Name of invention - Thermal generator. Name without fuel
thermal device - VIP-1-0-0.
2. Use
It is used for the heating and hot water-supply of private homes.
offices. schools. hospitals. public and industrial buildings
practically any area.
3. Structure
The VIP-1-0-0. devices comprises:
A) Thermal generator (all the dimension in accordance to the
European norms.
B) High pressure centrifugal pump of the vertical type.
C) Thermally insulated body.
D) Control system.
4. Working principle.
The working principle is based on the use of the renewable energy of
the water (In one cubic meter of water. contains 2109 GJ
energy (academician D. Kh. Baziev. Basics of unitary physics -
1994).). the transformation of the scalar discharges. as well as of
the low temperature thermal energy of water in higher temperature
energy with coefficients of performance from 2 to 3. depending from
the method of heating (convective. with forced circulation of air.
floor heating).
5. Characteristics
Installed power consumption (kW) - on a requirement specification of
the customer. The generators are made on the appropriate parameters
of the pump with the motor. and without fuel thermal device VIP can
have installed power consumption from 3 kW up to 150 kW.
The Example.
Nominal power 7.5 kW;
Rotation speed of the motor 2950 r.p.m;
Feeding current 380V. 50 Hz;
Maximum admissible temperature of the heat carrier in the thermal
generator 95°C;
Thermal efficiency of device (Πt) - up to 20 kW;
Working regime- automatic;
Size. mm Height 1350 Χ breadth 400 Χ length 700
Mass 120 kg
6. Scheme of principle for the connections.
7. Testing of the device was accomplished at the following units:
1. Donetsk town. the Institute for Design. Construction and
Technology "Gazoaparat".
The testing center "Gazoaparat"
Protocol P-OVA-19/96 Testing of fuel-less heating device TB-2-6.9 TU
U 240070270. 001-96(are entered for the first time). Registered in
State Committee of Ukraine on standardization and metrology 13. 06.
1996γ. No 086/003488.
2. Kiev . Scientific Productive company "Holod"- testing
stand.
3. Bratislava AM-30 company- testing stand.
4. Previdza VANSOFT company- testing stand.
5. Kosice Gorizont company- testing stand
8. Where it works:
It works in the following towns: Kiev. Donetsk. Kramatorsk.
Perevalsk. Poltava. Selidovo. Lugansk. Feodosia. Cherkassy.
9. The effect on the environment:
It is absolutely environmentally friendly regarding all its working
parameters.
10. Guaranteed working time of the thermal generator - 25 years.
NEW!
Unique develop from the company INTERENERGORESURS.
THE HYDRODYNAMICAL HIGH-FREQUENCY PULSE PUNCHER.
(For effective drilling of profound and super profound bore hole)
The operating principle of the hydrodynamic acoustic vibrator
consists in following: Flush fluid, being moved by a pump, goes
through the hydrodynamic acoustic vibrator, which one converts a
liquid flow into a stream pulsating in an axial direction and
creates vibration accelerations and considerable pressure pulsations
on a footpad of a drilling straight bit. The frequencies of
vibration accelerations and pressure pulsations depend on velocity
of a stream in the vibrator and lay in limits from 500 up to 15000
Hz. The vibrator works simultaneously on three base frequencies.
Thus, the conditions, considerably increasing productivity of
drilling (up to 60% in comparison with conventional methods), and
improving ware resistance of drilling tool are created. The
construction of the vibrator allows to regulate frequency range
pursuant to requirements of drilling and to construct hydrodynamic
acoustic vibrators for any diameters of wells. Note. 1 kilometer of
drilling of chinks, costs $ 1 000 000.
Pressure pulsations oscillogram.
The director of the company IER, author of the invention of
G. G. Ivanenko (at the left)
and leading engineer of the company Igor Suslov, demonstrate a
novelty.
Development IER in this area - high-frequency pulse puncher
(vibrator) - has allowed to increase speed of drilling on 61 of % at
reduction of deterioration boring adjutage up to 37 %.
Perspective direction in this area is
developed by the employees IER the system of acoustic tracking
behind a condition of the chisel tool, and also automatic control of
submission of a chisel solution depending on depth of drilling, for
increase of EFFICIENCY of the high-frequency pulse puncher.
On preliminary accounts this system will allow to increase speed of
drilling for 25-30 % with the appropriate reduction of time by
replacement of the chisel tool.
NEW!
UNIQUE EMULSIFIER.
DEVICE FOR CAVITATION-BASED MIXING OF LIQUIDS ON THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
AND FOR MIXING IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS.
Huge range of opportunities of use: pharmacology.
technology polymeric. pesticideses. food industry. cosmetics.
perfumery. mixing of oils with additives. manufacturing of different
grades of petrol and so on.
The working principle of this device is the passing of the
components to be mixed through an active cavitation zone. By this
means. dispersions (emulsions) with uniform particle size
distributions are obtained. for maximum dispersity. concentration in
weight and stability.
A new feature of the process is the simultaneous action of acoustic
oscillations of different frequencies. thus improving the control of
the particle sizes of the emulsions manufactured in this way. The
simultaneous application of different acoustic oscillations is
enhancing the erosive activity of the cavitation zones. is
increasing turbulence and the speed of the waves- all these factors
being determinant for the effectiveness and efficiency of the
process of building emulsions. This method allows a significant
decrease of the energy consumption in comparison to the usual
methods based on magnetostriction and piezoelectricity. Both direct.
hydrophile (e.g. kerosene in water) and inverted. oleophile
emulsions (water in kerosene) can be thus obtained. An effect of
enhancing was established for apolar reagent emulsions by treating
the initial dispersions obtained at low frequency oscillations with
supplementary oscillations in the MegaHertz range. in a pre-cavitational
regime.
NEW!
EMULSIFIER.
USING OF THE HYDRODYNAMICAL GENERATOR OF ULTRASONIC FLUCTUATIONS IN
WORK CYCLES OF OIL PROCESSING.Petroleum - consisting from
strong molecules, heterogeneous liquid, which molecules at
atmospheric pressure and normal temperature are difficultly focused.
Thus, the energetically favourable balance of intermolecular and
external forces is reached. At appendix to petroleum of external
pressure a little hundred of atmospheres, molecule polarization,
counteracting external forces, saving balance of system. If external
pressure sharply to remove, the internal forces will begin to break
off macromolecules on more small-sized components, thus density
decreases.
This principle is fixed in a basis of processing of petroleum and
petroleum in the hydrodynamical generator of ultrasonic fluctuations
(further in the text the generator).
The flow of petroleum, passing through the generator, will be
transformed from laminarnes to a flow with come off cavitation,
which feature is that micro burst large cavitation of formations
occurs at centre of a flow of a liquid, and process is strictly
periodic. The frequency of following of pulses is caused by speed of
a flow and geometrical parameters of the generator and is in an
interval from 500 up to 25 000 Hz. The pressure in a pulse can
exceed pressure on an input in the generator at 10-15 of time.
All flow of petroleum passes through a zone highly effective
cavitation. At micro burst cavitation bladders for very short time
(less than 1 micro second) temperature reaches some thousand degrees
Celsius and the pressure more than 1000 atm. develops.
Thus, is direct in a flow there are conditions for processing
petroleum and petroleum, which have been mentioned above. Owing to
the large stability of working frequencies the high uniformity of a
ready product is reached, that it is impossible to realize at
thermal cracking. It is necessary to note, that the given technology
allows not dehydrate crude petroleum, which contains up to 20 % of
water, and, subjecting her to effect ultrasonic cavitation to
involve in a number of chemical reactions presenting to formation of
spirits, simple and complex ethers, thus are increased heat of
property of fuel at decrease of his cost price.
The similar processes occur in case of application of the generator
in installation for mixture of initial petrol to the various
additives. The various types of petrol, passing through the
generator, not only change the properties, but also mix up with
additives at a molecular level, that considerably improves
operational qualities of mixes because of their uniformity and
stability to a stratification.
Emulsifier.
- Basic technical characteristics
- Frequency range 500 Hz 25000 Hz;
- Intensity 2-5 W/cm2 2-5;
- Pressure at the entrance in the device. atm. 30;
- Productivity 2000 kg/hour;
Skeleton hydraulic scheme.
The line for deriving stable emulsions operates as follows: The
delivery pumps DP give gasoline of low octane number from vessel 1
and gasoline additive from vessel 2 (there may be several vessels
with gasoline additives) through batch meters B into an input of a
high-pressure pump ΝΠ, which one ensures operation of a premix
chamber M, where the components are carefully mixed, and
hydrodynamic ultrasonic generator HAG, which one by means of
vibrations in an acoustical and ultrasonic frequency range (from
500-25000 Hz), leads up mixture to a homogeneous state at a
molecular level in the cavitation chamber ΡΡ. The flow meter F
controls an output of a finished product in the storage vessel 3.
NEW!
ULTRASONIC CRUSHING OF FIRM PARTICLES. HOMOGENEOUS AND NOT
OF HOMOGENEOUS MATERIALS IN WATER MEDIUM (SUSPENSION) THROUGH OF
HYDRO DYNAMICAL CAVITATIONS DEVICES.Asbestos. mica.
gypsum. hematite. sulfur. graphite. coal. zircon. dolomite.
microcline and so on. Productivity of installation at a
comminuting of chalk in pulp up to 0.5-1 microns, at a relation
50/50 (the dry chalk / water), makes 1 meter cubic of pulp at one
hour at energy consumptions of 5.5 kW.
In many countries, are accepted the governmental programs for
energetic, in the field of burning coal. The scientists of
America, Canada and other countries, make search of technology of
crushing of minerals, in particular coal, up to the sizes 20-30
microns, for the decision of a basic opportunity, improvements of
processes of combustion and reduction of volumes of oxides of
nitrogen and carbon.
The existing technologies - largest energy-intensive also are not
of interest.
Our technology - practical decision of a task, improvement of the
economic and ecological characteristics of coal boiler, that most
is favourable to rehabilitation of out-of-date power stations.
Is developed and is tested cavitations dispergator, allowing
crushing coal up to 25 microns truncation of the form, with add a
little of water directly ahead of burning in injector of the
boiler. This method of burning allows receiving the maximal
feedback on calorie content with a minimum quantity of harmful
emissions in an atmosphere. Ecology of reception of a thermal
energy is increased on 50-60 of %.
Fuel oil (Petroleum) + water directly ahead of burning in injector
is developed dispergation, of a similar principle of action for
reception water suspension black oil, that will allow to receive;
the maximal return on calorie content to COP incineration on 25-30
of % with reduction of harmful emissions in an atmosphere on 50-60
of %.
One of perspective should count process of a ultrasonic refinement
of mineral suspensions. The research works of last years have
shown. That basically. This process occurs to application of
cavitation erosion.
The efficiency of a destroying operation of a ultrasonics on solid
particles in a water ambience essentially depends on a lot of the
factors: Properties of a fluid. In which the handling. Temperature
of fluid. Intensity and frequency of a ultrasonics. Duration of
handling. From hardness. Homogeneity and porosity of crushed
particles. The selectivity of a destroying operation of a
ultrasonics with reference to separate materials is explained to
their reagent resistance etc. It explains selectivity of a
destroying operation of a ultrasonics with reference to separate
materials at ultrasonic handling suspensions. their powering up.
The most effectively dispersing operation of a ultrasonics is
shown at low frequencies about 18-22 KHz. It is explained to that
in low-frequency ultrasonic fields the cavitations arises at
considerably smaller intensity. The destruction of solid particles
in aqueous suspensions is promoted also by accelerations
originating under an operation of a ultrasonics: The acoustical
wave. Circulating a solid particle. Calls in different points its
different on magnitude and sign of acceleration. That results in
origin of forces aspiring to tear a particle.
The ultrasonics can be utillized for a refinement of homogeneous
and inhomogeneous materials. This method possible to splits fibers
of asbestos, to crush up to a colloidal state mica, gypsum,
hematite, sulfur, graphite and coal.
Cavitation toughness of materials measured in a wide frequency
band and intensities of ultrasound. Was established. that the
cavitation toughness of a material depends on its brittleness.
cohesion of the material. chemical composition. fineness of grains
and from parameters of its ultrasonic processing. The carried out
calculations have shown. That at use of an combined method for a
dispersion of some difficultly crushed materials in 2-3 times the
time of their processing is reduced. And the power charges
decrease in 1.5-2 times. In some cases for intensification of
process of a dispersion it is useful to combine their ultrasonic
processing with low-frequency. The process of splitting of
asbestic fibres in a ultrasonic field with padding imposing on
him(it) of fluctuations by frequency 1-2 Hz and amplitude was
observed which without ultrasounds did not cause seen deformations
of an asbestic fibre.
By one of the most perspective ways of a refinement of materials -
their ultrasonic handling under heightened static pressure. With
the help of this method it is possible to increase speed of
destruction of materials many times over. Was counted up. that at
amplitude of oscillations of an emitter 6 microns and static
pressure 5 atmospheres the degree of cavitational destruction of
materials raises in 20 times. And at amplitude of oscillations of
an emitter 30 microns and pressure 15 atmospheres - more than in
200 times in comparison by cavitational destruction at normal
pressure.
So with the help of a ultrasonics under heightened static pressure
grinded in an aqueous medium of a particle of titanium dioxide.
The cavitational fracture of particles achieved a maxima at static
pressure 3 atmospheres and temperature of a suspension of 60
degrees Celsius. In this case size of obtained particles did not
exceed 1 micron. And the content of a fraction 0.5-0.7 microns was
not less than 50 %.
The influence of heightened static pressure (4-5 atmospheres) on a
degree of dispersion of materials was examined. Object of study
carry out with aqueous suspensions of the crushed chrome, oxide of
aluminum, magnesium oxide, disulphide of cadmium, dioxide of
zirconium and some other materials. The highest dispersibility was
obtained at ultrasonic handling of an oxide of aluminum.
As a result of ultrasonic dispergation the usual contents of
shallow fractions considerably grows in comparison with starting.
In a suspension there are no particles more largly than 0.30-0.35
microns. which in a starting product make the basic fraction.
Simultaneously with it in a obtained suspension there are about 20
% of particles by the size 0.15 microns, whereas in a starting
material of a particle of such size were absent, or contained in
very small amount.
In tab. No 1 the dependence of speed of ultrasonic dispergation of
materials on their physical properties is given.
Table No 1. Dependence of speed of dispergation on
hardness. fragility and cohesion of the material.
| Mineral |
Constant speed
of cavitation erosion
of mg/min |
Cavitation toughness
(concerning a talcum) |
Mineralogical hardness
(on A. G. Betehtin) |
Brittleness
(on A. G. Betehtin) |
Cohesion of the material
(on A. G. Betehtin) |
| Talcum |
7.7 |
1 |
1 |
- |
Rather perfect |
| Galenite |
7.43 |
1.04 |
2-3 |
Is fragile |
Same |
| Glauconite |
7.0 |
About 1.1 |
2-3 |
** |
Usually is absent |
| Dolomite |
2.66 |
2-9 |
3.5-4 |
- |
Perfect |
| Hornblende |
2.1 |
3.67 |
5.5-6 |
Is fragile |
Same |
| Apatite |
1.74 |
4.42 |
5 |
** |
Imperfect |
| Olivine |
1.0 |
7.7 |
6.5-7 |
- |
Average or imperfect |
| Albite |
0.81 |
9.5 |
6-6.5 |
Is fragile |
Perfect |
| Zircon |
0.77 |
10.0 |
7-8 |
- |
It is found out rather seldom |
| Microcline |
0.73 |
10.6 |
6-6.5 |
- |
Perfect |
| Oligoclaz |
0.70 |
11.0 |
6-6.5 |
- |
Same |
| Labrador |
0.66 |
11.7 |
6-6.5 |
- |
Usually is absent |
| Garnet |
0.64 |
12 |
6.5-7 |
- |
Is absent or rather imperfect |
| Quartz |
0.5 |
14 |
7 |
- |
Same |
We complete laboratory researches on technology of ultrasonic
crushing of firm particles in water medium, on which the
destruction of firm particles in an acoustic field occurs as
follows. In the beginning, under action of ultrasound, is maximum
are dispersed bulgings edges and sharp corners of particles having
small hardness. The destruction fragile intergrown pieces results
in destruction of more solid grains first minutes of ultrasonic
influence. After that the selective abrasion of a material is
observed, and the particles coal, chalk(small-sized), and so on,
get spherical the form with the size; coal up to 25 - 30 microns,
chalk(small-sized) up to 0,1 - 0,3 microns. The received size of
particles and way of crushing at significant reduction of power
expenses allow to speak, that the industry receives new necessary
technology. The technology of crushing is used; in energetic, in
manufacture glased tile, at manufacturing a new substitute of a
natural tree - plates MTF, linoleum, porcelain, ceramics,
varnishes, paints etc.
Patent for invention No 37410A, September 16,1998, Ukraine.
Patent for useful model No 96114263, December 25,1997, Ukraine.
Patent for invention No 283365, April 7,2003, Slovakia.
Patent for useful model No 2689, July 14,2000, Slovakia.
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